A co-benefit is an added positive consequence from a measure taken to address an issue. For example, you might plant flowers because you want to beautify your garden, but these plants also provide a food source for pollinators. An action or solution with multiple positive outcomes is more desirable and further justifies the use of resources. 

Climate mitigation practices have many social and economic co-benefits. The green transition will reduce reliance on fossil fuels, therefore reducing pollution, and it will create new jobs. Less pollution means better public health. 

Just as co-benefits are positive consequences of climate action, trade-offs are negative consequences. It’s important to acknowledge both when analysing climate practices. For example, phasing out fossil fuels may lead to a loss of jobs in geographic areas that are already historically economically impoverished. By considering the trade-offs before enacting a policy, we can ensure a just transition for all and compensate people fairly.